Akwai wasu ruɗani da ke tattare da alaƙar da ke tsakanin daidaiton ɗaukar nauyi, jurewar masana'anta da matakin sharewar ciki ko 'wasa' tsakanin hanyoyin tsere da ƙwallon ƙafa. Anan, Wu Shizheng, manajan daraktan kanana da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun JITO Bearings, ya yi ƙarin haske kan dalilin da ya sa wannan tatsuniya ta ci gaba da kuma abin da ya kamata injiniyoyi su duba.
A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, a cikin masana'antar harhada magunguna a Scotland, wani ɗan ƙaramin mutum mai suna Stanley Parker ya haɓaka manufar matsayi na gaskiya, ko kuma abin da muka sani a yau kamar Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing (GD&T). Parker ya lura cewa duk da cewa wasu sassa na aikin da ake kera don torpedoes an ƙi su bayan an duba su, har yanzu ana tura su don samarwa.
Da ya duba sosai sai ya gano cewa auna hakuri ne ke da laifi. Haƙuri na daidaitawa na XY na gargajiya ya haifar da yankin juriya mai murabba'i, wanda ya keɓe ɓangaren duk da cewa ya mamaye wuri ɗaya a cikin madauwari mai lankwasa tsakanin sasanninta. Ya ci gaba da buga sakamakon bincikensa game da yadda za a tantance matsayi na gaskiya a cikin wani littafi mai suna Drawings and Dimensions.
*Cibiyar ciki
A yau, wannan fahimtar yana taimaka mana mu haɓaka bearings waɗanda ke nuna wani matakin wasa ko sako-sako, in ba haka ba da aka sani da izinin ciki ko, musamman, wasan radial da axial. Wasan radial shine sharewar da aka auna daidai da axis kuma wasan axial shine sharewar da aka auna a layi daya da axis.
An tsara wannan wasan a cikin maɗaukaki daga farkon don ba da damar ɗaukar nauyi don tallafawa lodi a cikin yanayi daban-daban, la'akari da dalilai kamar faɗaɗa zafin jiki da kuma yadda dacewa tsakanin zoben ciki da na waje zai shafi rayuwar rayuwa.
Musamman, sharewa na iya rinjayar amo, girgiza, zafi mai zafi, karkatarwa, rarraba kaya da rayuwar gajiya. Wasan radial mafi girma yana da kyawawa a cikin yanayi inda ake sa ran zobe na ciki ko shaft ɗin zai zama zafi da faɗaɗa yayin amfani idan aka kwatanta da zobe na waje ko gidaje. A cikin wannan yanayin, wasan kwaikwayo a cikin ɗaki zai ragu. Akasin haka, wasa zai ƙaru idan zoben waje ya faɗaɗa fiye da zoben ciki.
Wasan axial mafi girma yana da kyawawa a cikin tsarin inda akwai rashin daidaituwa tsakanin shaft da gidaje kamar yadda rashin daidaituwa zai iya haifar da tasiri tare da ƙananan izinin ciki don kasawa da sauri. Mafi girman sharewa kuma na iya ba da damar ɗaukar nauyi don jure maɗaukakin matsawa kaɗan yayin da yake gabatar da mafi girman kusurwar lamba.
* Fitsari
Yana da mahimmanci cewa injiniyoyi su daidaita ma'auni daidai na sharewar ciki a cikin ma'auni. Matsakaicin matsatsi tare da rashin isassun wasa zai haifar da zafi mai yawa da juzu'i, wanda zai sa ƙwallaye su yi tsalle a cikin titin tsere da haɓaka lalacewa. Hakanan, sharewa da yawa zai ƙara amo da girgiza kuma ya rage daidaiton juyi.
Ana iya sarrafa sharewa ta hanyar amfani da dacewa daban-daban. Injiniyan dacewa yana nufin ba da izini tsakanin sassa biyu. Yawancin lokaci ana kwatanta wannan a matsayin shinge a cikin rami kuma yana wakiltar ma'auni na matsewa ko sassautawa tsakanin shaft da zobe na ciki da tsakanin zobe na waje da gidaje. Yawancin lokaci yana bayyana kanta a cikin sako-sako, ƙwanƙwasa ko matsi, tsangwama.
Matsakaicin madaidaici tsakanin zobe na ciki da shaft yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye shi a wuri da kuma hana ɓarna ko zamewa maras so, wanda zai iya haifar da zafi da girgizawa da haifar da lalacewa.
Koyaya, tsangwama mai dacewa zai rage ƙyalli a cikin ƙwallon ƙwallon yayin da yake faɗaɗa zoben ciki. Matsakaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin tsakanin mahalli da zobe na waje a cikin maɗaukaki tare da ƙaramin wasan radial zai damfara zoben waje kuma ya rage sharewa har ma da ƙari. Wannan zai haifar da ɓarna mara kyau na ciki - yadda ya kamata ya ba da ramin girma fiye da ramin - kuma ya haifar da juzu'i mai yawa da gazawar farko.
Manufar ita ce a sami wasan da ba zai yi aiki ba lokacin da abin hawa ke gudana a ƙarƙashin yanayin al'ada. Koyaya, wasan farko na radial wanda ake buƙata don cimma wannan na iya haifar da matsala tare da tsalle-tsalle ko zamewa, rage ƙarfi da daidaiton juyawa. Ana iya cire wannan wasan radial na farko ta amfani da preloading. Preloading wata hanya ce ta sanya nauyin axial na dindindin a kan abin ɗamara, da zarar an daidaita shi, ta hanyar amfani da wanki ko maɓuɓɓugan ruwa waɗanda ke dacewa da zoben ciki ko na waje.
Dole ne injiniyoyi su kuma yi la'akari da gaskiyar cewa yana da sauƙi don rage raguwa a cikin ƙananan sassa na bakin ciki saboda zoben sun fi sauƙi kuma sun fi sauƙi don lalacewa. A matsayinta na mai ƙera ƙanana da ƙananan bearings, JITO Bearings tana ba abokan cinikinta shawarar cewa dole ne a ƙara kulawa tare da dacewa da shaft-to-house. Shaft da zagaye na gidaje shima ya fi mahimmanci tare da nau'in nau'in sirara saboda shingen da ke waje zai lalata zoben bakin ciki kuma yana ƙara hayaniya, girgizawa da juzu'i.
*Hakuri
Rashin fahimta game da rawar radial da wasan kwaikwayo na axial ya haifar da mutane da yawa don rikitar da dangantaka tsakanin wasa da daidaito, musamman madaidaicin da ke haifar da mafi kyawun haɓakar masana'antu.
Wasu mutane suna tunanin cewa babban madaidaicin madaidaicin ya kamata kusan babu wasa kuma yakamata ya juya daidai. A gare su, wasan radial maras kyau yana jin ƙarancin inganci kuma yana ba da ra'ayi mara kyau, kodayake yana iya zama babban madaidaicin juzu'i da aka tsara da gangan tare da sako-sako. Alal misali, mun tambayi wasu abokan cinikinmu a baya dalilin da yasa suke son matsayi mafi girma kuma sun gaya mana suna so, "rage wasan kwaikwayo".
Duk da haka, gaskiya ne cewa haƙuri yana inganta daidaito. Ba da dadewa ba bayan bullowar yawan jama'a, injiniyoyi sun fahimci cewa ba a zahiri ba ne ko kuma na tattalin arziki, idan har ma mai yiwuwa ne, samar da kayayyaki guda biyu da suka yi daidai da juna. Ko da lokacin da aka kiyaye duk masu canjin masana'antu iri ɗaya, koyaushe za a sami bambance-bambance na ɗan lokaci tsakanin raka'a ɗaya da na gaba.
A yau, wannan ya zo ne don wakiltar haƙuri ko yarda. Azuzuwan haƙuri don ɗaukar ƙwallon ƙwallon, wanda aka sani da ƙimar ƙimar ISO (metric) ko ABEC (inch), tana daidaita ma'aunin izini da aka yarda da ma'aunin murfin gami da girman zoben ciki da na waje da zagayen zobe da hanyoyin tsere. Mafi girman ajin kuma mafi tsananin haƙuri, mafi daidaitaccen ɗaukar nauyi zai kasance da zarar an haɗa shi.
Ta hanyar daidaita ma'auni mai dacewa tsakanin dacewa da radial da wasan axial yayin amfani, injiniyoyi za su iya cimma madaidaicin aikin sifili da tabbatar da ƙaramar amo da madaidaiciyar juyawa. A yin haka, za mu iya kawar da ruɗani tsakanin daidaito da wasa kuma, kamar yadda Stanley Parker ya kawo sauyi na ma'aunin masana'antu, da gaske ya canza yadda muke kallon bearings.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-04-2021
